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Q. No.If \(\Delta Q\) is the heat flowing out of a system, \(\Delta W\) is the work done by the system on its surroundings, and \(\Delta U\) is the decrease in internal energy of the system, then the first law of thermodynamics can be stated as:
| 1. | \(\Delta Q=\Delta U+\Delta W\) |
| 2. | \(\Delta U=\Delta Q+\Delta W\) |
| 3. | \(\Delta U=\Delta Q-\Delta W\) |
| 4. | \(\Delta U+\Delta Q+\Delta W=0\) |
Subtopic: Â First Law of Thermodynamics |
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An ideal gas is enclosed in a volume by means of a piston-cylinder arrangement as shown in the adjacent diagram. The piston as well as the walls of the cylinder are non-conducting. The cross-sectional area of the piston is \(A.\) Gravity \(g\) is acting downward. A small block of mass \(m\) is placed on top of the piston. There is no atmospheric pressure outside. An amount of thermal energy \(\Delta Q\) is slowly supplied to the gas, and its temperature rises. Then, the gas:
| 1. | expands continuously, making the volume infinite. |
| 2. | first expands and then contracts slightly. |
| 3. | expands and then reaches a steady-state. |
| 4. | expands and then contracts to return to its initial volume. |
Subtopic: Â First Law of Thermodynamics |
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A thermodynamic process involving a system takes place with \(100\) J of heat being rejected to the environment and an increase of \(20\) J of internal energy. Then,
| 1. | work done by the system is \(120\) J. |
| 2. | work done on the system is \(120\) J. |
| 3. | work done by the system is \(80\) J. |
| 4. | work done on the system is \(80\) J. |
Subtopic: Â First Law of Thermodynamics |
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The internal energy of a gas is given by \(U=\dfrac32PV.\) The gas expands in such a way that its internal energy (initially \(U_0\)) remains constant throughout the process, but its volume changes from \(V_0\) to \(2V_0.\) The heat supplied to the gas equals:
| 1. | \(U_0\mathrm{ln}(2)\) | 2. | \(\dfrac12U_0~\mathrm{ln}(2)\) |
| 3. | \(\dfrac13U_0~\mathrm{ln}(2)\) | 4. | \(\dfrac23U_0~\mathrm{ln}(2)\) |
Subtopic: Â First Law of Thermodynamics |
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The internal energy of a gas is given by \(U=2pV.\) The gas expands from \(100\) cc to \(200\) cc against a constant pressure of \(10^{5}\) Pa. The heat absorbed by the gas is:
1. \(10\) J
2. \(20\) J
3. \(30\) J
4. \(40\) J
Subtopic: Â First Law of Thermodynamics |
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