Statement I: | Cancer is caused by multiple mutational events in almost all cases. |
Statement II: | Some viral infections can also cause cancer in humans. |
Assertion (A): | Cocaine can produce a sense of euphoria and increased energy. |
Reason (R): | It has a potent stimulating action on the central nervous system. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is False |
Statement I: | Aedes mosquito spread diseases like dengue and chikungunya. |
Statement II: | Gambusia is used to control mosquito-borne diseases. |
1. | Diseases cannot be transmitted through water. |
2. | Airborne transmission is exclusive to non-infectious diseases. |
3. | Vector-borne transmission involves the spread of diseases by organisms such as mosquitoes and ticks. |
4. | Direct contact is not a significant mode of transmission for infectious diseases. |
1. | Adaptive immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens without the need for prior exposure. |
2. | It is non-specific and does not distinguish between different pathogens. |
3. | Adaptive immunity involves memory, which leads to an enhanced response to repeated exposure to the same pathogen. |
4. | Antibodies play no role in the function of adaptive immunity. |
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Skin | 1 | Physical barrier |
B | Mucus | 2 | Chemical barrier |
C | Stomach acid | 3 | Cellular barrier |
D | Macrophages | 4 | Mechanical barrier |
1. | Infections introduced during surgery. |
2. | The recipient's cell mediated immune system recognizing the graft as foreign. |
3. | The recipient's humoral immune system recognizing the graft as foreign. |
4. | Incompatibility in blood type only. |
1. | The parasite multiplies in the liver before infecting red blood cells. |
2. | Sporozoites multiply within red blood cells. |
3. | Gametocytes are formed in the stomach wall of the Anopheles mosquito. |
4. | The parasite undergoes sexual reproduction in the human liver. |