Match the following components of innate immunity with their corresponding barriers:
Column I Column II
A Skin 1 Physical barrier
B Mucus 2 Chemical barrier
C Stomach acid 3 Cellular barrier
D Macrophages 4 Mechanical barrier

1. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
2. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
4. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

Subtopic:  Details of Immunity |
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Graft rejection in organ transplantations is primarily due to:
1. Infections introduced during surgery.
2. The recipient's cell mediated immune system recognizing the graft as foreign.
3. The recipient's humoral immune system recognizing the graft as foreign.
4. Incompatibility in blood type only.
Subtopic:  Details of Immunity |
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Which of the following events occurs in the life cycle of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium, inside the human body?
1. The parasite multiplies in the liver before infecting red blood cells.
2. Sporozoites multiply within red blood cells.
3. Gametocytes are formed in the stomach wall of the Anopheles mosquito.
4. The parasite undergoes sexual reproduction in the human liver.
Subtopic:  Treatment & Life Cycle of Malaria |
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The primary difference between active and passive immunity is:
1. Active immunity is long-lasting, while passive immunity is temporary.
2. Active immunity is provided by vaccines, while passive immunity is provided by natural infection.
3. Passive immunity involves the production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system.
4. Active immunity is immediate, while passive immunity takes time to develop.
Subtopic:  Active & Passive Immunity |
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A retrovirus like HIV is characterized by:
1. Having DNA as its genetic material.
2. Using reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA genome into DNA.
3. Directly translating its RNA genome into proteins.
4. Incorporating its DNA into the host's ribosomes.
Subtopic:  AIDS |
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Consider the given two statements:
Assertion (A):  Contact inhibition is a process where normal cells stop dividing when they come into contact with other cells.
Reason (R):  Cancer cells exhibit contact inhibition, which is why tumors grow in a controlled manner.
   
1. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is True but (R) is False.
4. Both (A) and (R) are False.
Subtopic:  Cancer |
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What are some of the ill effects of nicotine and smoking?
1. Increased risk of osteoporosis and arthritis.
2. Decreased blood pressure and reduced anxiety.
3. Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer.
4. Improved pulmonary function and decreased risk of respiratory infections.
Subtopic:  Drugs & Alcohol Abuse |
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Match the following common infectious diseases with their causative agents:
Column A Column B
1. Tuberculosis A. Plasmodium
2. Malaria B. HIV
3. AIDS C. Salmonella
4. Typhoid D. Mycobacterium
Options:
1. 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A 2. 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B
3. 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D 4. 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C
Subtopic:  Typhoid Fever | AIDS | Common Diseases in Humans |
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The importance of colostrum lies in its high content of:
1. Immunoglobulins for passive immunity
2. Fat for energy
3. Lactose for digestion
4. Vitamin D for bone development
Subtopic:  Active & Passive Immunity |
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Which of the following statements correctly differentiates between the clinical features of pneumonia and the common cold?
1. Pneumonia is characterized by high fever, chills, and cough, while the common cold causes muscle aches and severe headache.
2. Pneumonia involves inflammation of the alveoli filled with fluid, causing difficulty breathing, whereas the common cold is a mild upper respiratory infection with a runny nose.
3. The common cold leads to severe respiratory distress, unlike pneumonia.
4. Pneumonia is caused by viruses only, while the common cold can be caused by various pathogens including bacteria.
Subtopic:  Pneumonia & Related Questions | Common Cold & Malaria Introduction |
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