The layers in the walls of the microsporangium that helps in the dehiscence of anther to release the pollen include:

The outermost and innermost wall layers of microsporangium in an anther are respectively:
1. Endothecium and tapetum
2. Epidermis and endodermis
3. Epidermis and middle layer
4. Epidermis and tapetum

From the statements given below, choose the option that is true for a typical female gametophyte of a flowering plant:

Autogamy can occur in a chasmogamous flower if:
1. Pollen matures before the maturity of ovule.
2. Ovules mature before the maturity of pollen.
3. Both pollen and ovules mature simultaneously.
4. Both anther and stigma are of equal lengths.

In a fertilised embryo sac, the haploid, diploid, and triploid structures are:

In an embryo sac, the cells that degenerate after fertilisation are:
1. Synergids and primary endosperm cell
2. Synergids and antipodals
3. Antipodals and primary endosperm cell
4. Egg and antipodals

While planning for an artificial hybridization programme involving dioecious plants, which of the following steps would not be relevant?
1. Bagging of the female flower
2. Dusting of pollen on the stigma
3. Emasculation
4. Collection of pollen

An organic substance that can withstand environmental extremes and cannot be degraded by any enzyme is:

Consider the following two statements regarding the integuments of an ovule:

Of the two statements:

1. Both I and II are true
2. Both I and II are false
3. Only I is true
4. Only II is true

Cleistogamous flowers are: