Assertion (A): | Cocaine can produce a sense of euphoria and increased energy. |
Reason (R): | It has a potent stimulating action on the central nervous system. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False, (R) is False |
Statement I: | Aedes mosquito spread diseases like dengue and chikungunya. |
Statement II: | Gambusia is used to control mosquito-borne diseases. |
1. | Diseases cannot be transmitted through water. |
2. | Airborne transmission is exclusive to non-infectious diseases. |
3. | Vector-borne transmission involves the spread of diseases by organisms such as mosquitoes and ticks. |
4. | Direct contact is not a significant mode of transmission for infectious diseases. |
1. | Adaptive immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens without the need for prior exposure. |
2. | It is non-specific and does not distinguish between different pathogens. |
3. | Adaptive immunity involves memory, which leads to an enhanced response to repeated exposure to the same pathogen. |
4. | Antibodies play no role in the function of adaptive immunity. |
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Skin | 1 | Physical barrier |
B | Mucus | 2 | Chemical barrier |
C | Stomach acid | 3 | Cellular barrier |
D | Macrophages | 4 | Mechanical barrier |
1. | Infections introduced during surgery. |
2. | The recipient's cell mediated immune system recognizing the graft as foreign. |
3. | The recipient's humoral immune system recognizing the graft as foreign. |
4. | Incompatibility in blood type only. |
1. | The parasite multiplies in the liver before infecting red blood cells. |
2. | Sporozoites multiply within red blood cells. |
3. | Gametocytes are formed in the stomach wall of the Anopheles mosquito. |
4. | The parasite undergoes sexual reproduction in the human liver. |
1. | Active immunity is long-lasting, while passive immunity is temporary. |
2. | Active immunity is provided by vaccines, while passive immunity is provided by natural infection. |
3. | Passive immunity involves the production of antibodies by the individual's own immune system. |
4. | Active immunity is immediate, while passive immunity takes time to develop. |
1. | Having DNA as its genetic material. |
2. | Using reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA genome into DNA. |
3. | Directly translating its RNA genome into proteins. |
4. | Incorporating its DNA into the host's ribosomes. |
Assertion (A): | Contact inhibition is a process where normal cells stop dividing when they come into contact with other cells. |
Reason (R): | Cancer cells exhibit contact inhibition, which is why tumors grow in a controlled manner. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |