What is the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
1. | Diffusion, depending on plasma glucose concentration |
2. | An active transport process that is linked to sodium reabsorption |
3. | An active transport process that is linked to amino acid transport |
4. | Active transport with no link to the transport of any other substance |
A diuretic:
1. causes water retention
2. increases urine output
3. prevents water excretion in the urine
4. reduces insensible water loss from the body
Identify the correctly matched pair:
1. thirst center: hypothalamus
2. macula densa: afferent arteriole
3. rennin: JG cells
4. aldosterone: adrenal medulla
A series of straight capillaries in the medulla that lie parallel to the loop of Henle are called:
1. | arcuate arteries | 2. | efferent arterioles |
3. | afferent arterioles | 4. | vasa recta |
All of the following regarding juxtamedullary nephrons in human kidneys are correct except:
1. | the entire nephron is located in the superficial cortex of the kidney |
2. | the renal corpuscle comprises a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule |
3. | blood arrives at the glomerular capillaries via an afferent arteriole |
4. | the proximal convoluted tubule leads into a long nephron loop |
Assertion (A): | Juxtamedullary nephrons are key adaptation for water conservation in mammals. |
Reason (R): | Juxtamedullary nephrons constitute about 85% of all nephrons in the mammalian kidney. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Filtration slits in the glomerular membrane are formed by:
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
RAAS is opposed by:
1. | ADH | 2. | renin |
3. | atrial natriuretic peptide | 4. | angiotensin II |