The advantage of using DNA polymerases from thermophilic organisms in PCR is that:
1. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria are much faster than those from other organisms |
2. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria can withstand the high temperatures needed to denature the DNA strands |
3. | the DNA polymerases of these bacteria never make mistakes while replicating DNA |
4. | all of the above |
The chronological steps of a polymerase chain reaction are:
1. | Denaturation, Annealing of primers, Primer extension |
2. | Annealing of primers, Denaturation, Primer extension |
3. | Annealing of primers, Primer extension, Denaturation |
4. | Denaturation, Primer extension, Annealing of primers |
Which of the following is not required in the preparation of a recombinant DNA molecule?
1. | Restriction endonuclease | 2. | DNA ligase |
3. | DNA fragments | 4. | E.coli |
The first type II restriction endonuclease whose functioning depended on a specific DNA nucleotide sequence was:
1. | EcoRI | 2. | HindII |
3. | SmaI | 4. | BamHI |
Gene cloning occurs:
1. | when a phage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. |
2. | when a bacterium takes up DNA from the surrounding fluid. |
3. | when a bacterium carrying a recombinant plasmid reproduces, thus allowing for the production of multiple copies of the recombinant plasmid. |
4. | when DNA is produced from an RNA template. |
‘Downstream processing’ does not include:
1. | Product biosynthesis | 2. | Product isolation |
3. | Product purification | 4. | Product polishing |
Column I | Column II | ||
A. | Lysozyme | P. | Fungal cell |
B. | Cellulase | Q. | Plant cell |
C. | Chitinase | R. | Bacterial cell |
A | B | C | |
1. | P | Q | R |
2. | P | R | Q |
3. | R | P | Q |
4. | R | Q | P |
I: | The used medium is drained out from one side while the fresh medium is added from the other. |
II: | The cells are maintained in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. |
III: | A larger biomass is produced leading to higher yields of desired proteins. |
1. | Only I and II are correct |
2. | Only I and III are correct |
3. | Only II and III are correct |
4. | I, II and III are correct |
1. | DNA is the genetic material of all organisms without exception. |
2. | As it is an RNA world, the genetic material is ds RNA in majority of the organisms. |
3. | Since the DNA is enclosed within the membranes, we have to break the cell open to release DNA along with other macromolecules. |
4. | Proteins such as histones can be removed from the cell lysate with the help of ribonuclease. |
1. | a complementary DNA sequence synthesised on the template of hnRNA |
2. | artificially synthesised or sequences used to induce replication of DNA |
3. | a single-stranded sequence of DNA or RNA used to search for its complementary sequence in a sample genome |
4. | small chemically synthesised oligonucletides that are complementary to the regions of DNA |