1. | saltation | 2. | molecular clocks |
3. | punctuated equilibrium | 4. | convergent evolution |
1. | related organisms share a greater portion of their DNAs |
2. | the hemoglobin gene is less similar between humans and dogs than between humans and chimpanzees |
3. | only DNA can be examined for establishing evolutionary differences |
4. | phylogenetic trees can be established using molecular evidence |
1. | the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats. |
2. | the number of mates each individual of the population selects. |
3. | the relative health of each individual in the population. |
4. | a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation. |
1. | A R Wallace | 2. | Charles Lyell |
3. | T R Malthus | 4. | Georges Cuvier |
1. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → Homo habilis |
2. | Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens |
3. | Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens |
4. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens. |
1. | low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen |
2. | low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere |
3. | high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere |
4. | high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc. |