1. | Gymnosperms lack vessels in their xylem. |
2. | Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells. |
3. | Gymnosperms lack sieve tubes and companion cells. |
4. | Gymnosperms lack secondary growth. |
1. | Monocot roots | 2. | Dicot roots |
3. | Monocot stems | 4. | Dicot stems |
Statement I: | The root hairs are unicellular elongations of the epidermal cells and help absorb water and minerals from the soil. |
Statement II: | The trichomes in the shoot system are usually multicellular, branched or unbranched, soft or stiff, may even be secretory and help in preventing water loss due to transpiration. |
1. | It shows stomatal apparatus of almost all plants except grasses where A represents guard cells and B represents subsidiary cells. |
2. | It shows stomatal apparatus of almost all plants except grasses where A represents subsidiary cells and B represents guard cells. |
3. | It shows stomatal apparatus of grasses where A represents subsidiary cells and B represents guard cells. |
4. | It shows stomatal apparatus of grasses where A represents guard cells and B represents subsidiary cells. |
1. | near similar sizes of vascular bundles, including main veins, as seen in vertical sections of the leaves. |
2. | near similar sizes of vascular bundles, except in main veins, as seen in vertical sections of the leaves. |
3. | large sizes of vascular bundles in mid rib and smaller in veins, as seen in vertical sections of the leaves. |
4. | smaller sizes of vascular bundles in mid rib and larger in veins, as seen in vertical sections of the leaves. |
1. | are adaxial epidermal cells in grasses that are large, empty, colourless cells and involved in folding and unfolding of leaf tissue in order to reduce overall water loss. |
2. | are adaxial epidermal cells in grasses that are large, empty, colourless cells and involved in regulating the opening and closing of stomata for exchange of gases. |
3. | are adaxial epidermal cells in dicot leaves that are filled with thick sap and involved in regulating water content in leaf. |
4. | are abaxial epidermal cells in dicot leaves that are similar to vacuoles and involved in storage of toxins and water. |
1. | Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf; where A is xylem and B is phloem |
2. | Isobilateral (Monocotyledonous) Leaf; where A is phloem and B is xylem |
3. | Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf; where A is xylem and B is phloem |
4. | Dorsiventral (Dicotyledonous) Leaf; where A is phloem and B is xylem |
I: | Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves. |
II: | Stomata regulate the process of transpiration and gaseous exchange. |
III: | Each stoma is composed of two bean-shaped cells known as subsidiary cells which enclose stomatal pore. |
IV: | In grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped. |
V: | The inner walls of guard cells (towards the stomatal pore) are thin and the outer walls (away from the stomatal pore) are highly thickened. |
Statement I: | Hypodermis consists of a few layers of collenchymatous cells. |
Statement II: | The cells of the endodermis are rich in protein granules. |
Statement III: | Pericycle is in the form of semi-lunar patches of sclerenchyma. |
Statement IV: | The ‘ring’ arrangement of vascular bundles is a characteristic of dicot stem. |