Ecological succession has paralleled:
1. Glaciations
2. Mass extinctions
3. Genetic drifts
4. Evolution
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In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
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Identify the correct statements regarding ecological succession:
I: | Usually, secondary succession is faster than primary succession. |
II: | Ecological succession involves a change over time in vegetation only. |
III: | Natural or human disturbance can convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage. |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III
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Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
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In primary succession in water, the pioneers are normally:
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplankton
4. Submerged rooted plants
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Lichens are very useful pioneers in succession on a bare rock, especially because:
1. they are sensitive to environmental pollution
2. they have various modes of nutrition
3. they help in the formation of soil
4. they would prevent colonization by parasites
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The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
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The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity
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The nutrients in an ecosystem are:
1. | continuously lost from an ecosystem |
2. | needed as a continuous supply from the outside |
3. | recycled time and again indefinitely |
4. | continuously synthesized by physical forces |
The reservoir is located in the Earth’s crust for:
I. Gaseous type of nutrient cycle
II. Sedimentary nutrient cycle
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
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