Q. No.In primary succession in water, the pioneers are normally:
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplankton
4. Submerged rooted plants
1. Lichens
2. Mosses
3. Phytoplankton
4. Submerged rooted plants
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Lichens are very useful pioneers in succession on a bare rock, especially because:
1. they are sensitive to environmental pollution
2. they have various modes of nutrition
3. they help in the formation of soil
4. they would prevent colonization by parasites
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The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
| 1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
| 2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
| 3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
| 4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
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The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity
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The nutrients in an ecosystem are:
| 1. | continuously lost from an ecosystem |
| 2. | needed as a continuous supply from the outside |
| 3. | recycled time and again indefinitely |
| 4. | continuously synthesized by physical forces |
The reservoir is located in the Earth’s crust for:
I. Gaseous type of nutrient cycle
II. Sedimentary nutrient cycle
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
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The function of a reservoir of nutrient cycle is to:
1. synthesize minerals
2. transfer minerals to other ecosystems
3. meet any deficit
4. destroy the unwanted minerals
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The dry weight of living organisms is mainly made up of:
| 1. | Water | 2. | Calcium |
| 3. | Nitrogen | 4. | Carbon |
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The maximum percent of total global carbon is found:
1. in fossil fuels
2. in atmosphere
3. dissolved in oceans
4. in biomass of microbes
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The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is regulated mainly by:
1. the atmosphere itself
2. human activities
3. decomposition by microbes
4. the oceanic reservoir
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