1. | Death of an organism is the beginning of the detritus food chain/web. |
2. | In an aquatic ecosystem, the detritus food chain (DFC) is the major conduit for energy flow. |
3. | In a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the detritus food chain than through the grazing food chain (GFC). |
4. | Detritus food chain may be connected with the grazing food chain at some levels. |
I: | The number of trophic levels in the grazing food chain is restricted. |
II: | The transfer of energy follows 10 per cent law – only 10 per cent of the energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level. |
Assertion (A): | The pyramid of biomass may be "inverted" in a pond ecosystem |
Reason (R): | In a pond ecosystem, the standing crop of phytoplankton, the major producers, at any given point will be lower than the mass of the heterotrophs, such as fish and insects. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
I: | It represents an ideal pyramid of energy in an ecosystem. |
II: | Primary producers convert only 1% of the energy in the sunlight available to them into NPP. |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
I: | The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. |
II: | The trophic level represents species and not a functional level. |
III: | A given organism occupies only one trophic level in a food chain. |
IV: | The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. |
Assertion (A): | Pyramid of energy can be inverted in aquatic ecosystems. |
Reason (R): | Aquatic life defies second law of thermodynamics. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
I: | The apex predators |
II: | the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels |
III: | saprophytes |
Statement I: | Herbivores are primary consumers. |
Statement II: | Primary carnivores are secondary consumers. |