1. | Chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle poles, and their identity is lost as discrete elements. |
2. | Nuclear envelope develops around the chromosome clusters at each pole, forming two daughter nuclei. |
3. | Nucleolus, Golgi complex and ER reform. |
4. | Pairing of homologous chromosomes. |
I: | the segregation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter nuclei (karyokinesis) |
II: | division of the cell into two daughter cells by the separation of cytoplasm (cytokinesis) |
1. | the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane which gradually deepens and ultimately joins in the centre dividing the cell cytoplasm into two. |
2. | the appearance of the cell-plate and the formation starts in the centre of the cell and grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls. |
3. | the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane which starts in the centre of the cell and grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls. |
4. | the appearance of the cell-plate and the formation starts in the periphery of the cell and grows inward to meet the existing central walls. |
Assertion (A): | Meiosis ensures the production of haploid phase in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. |
Reason (R): | Syngamy restores the diploid condition in sexually reproducing organisms. |
1. | (A) is true; (R) is False |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
4. | (A) is False; (R) is True |
I: | Meiosis involves two sequential cycles of nuclear and cell division called meiosis I and meiosis II but only a single cycle of DNA replication. |
II: | Meiosis I is initiated after the parental chromosomes have replicated to produce identical sister chromatids at the S phase and the daughter cells of meiosis I replicate DNA during interkinesis. |
III: | Meiosis involves pairing of heterologous chromosomes and recombination between sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. |
IV: | Four haploid cells are formed at the end of meiosis II. |
Column I | Column II | ||
A | Zygotene | P | Recombination |
B | Pachytene | Q | Terminalisation of chismata |
C | Diplotene | R | Synapsis |
D | Diakinesis | S | Dissolution of synaptonemal complex |
A | B | C | D | |
1. | R | P | S | Q |
2. | R | P | Q | S |
3. | P | R | S | Q |
4. | P | R | Q | S |
I: | the four chromatids of each bivalent chromosome become distinct and clearly appear as tetrads. |
II: | there is the appearance of recombination nodules. |
III: | crossing over occurs. |
I: | The bivalent chromosomes align on the equatorial plate. |
II: | The microtubules from the opposite poles of the spindle attach to the kinetochore of homologous chromosomes. |