| Assertion (A): | The leaves in gymnosperms are well-adapted to withstand extremes of temperature, humidity and wind |
| Reason (R): | Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms, the male and female gametophytes do not have an independent, free-living existence |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 1. | It is called artificial system because it is based on only one or two characters |
| 2. | It was based on androecium structure |
| 3. | It is also called sexual system as he chiefly used characters of stamens |
| 4. | It divides flowering and non-flowering plants into two categories |
| 1. | Natural similarity or resemblance among organisms |
| 2. | Natural dissimilarities among organisms |
| 3. | Phylogenetic similarities among organisms |
| 4. | Phylogenetic dissimilarities among organisms |
| 1. | Porphyra | Laminaria |
| 2. | Laminaria | Sargassum |
| 3. | Chlorella | Porphyra |
| 4. | Sargassum | Porphyra |
| 1. | Ecotocarpus | - | Filamentous |
| 2. | Kelps | - | Possess carotenoids |
| 3. | Chlamydomonas | - | Cup shaped chloroplast |
| 4. | Chara | - | Colonial green alga |
| 1. | Presence of motile gametes |
| 2. | Their occurrence primarily in marine habitat |
| 3. | Presence of polysulphate esters in outer cell wall |
| 4. | Presence of chlorophyll d |
| (a) | Gametophyte | (i) | Haploid, antherozoid producing structure |
| (b) | Sporophyte | (ii) | Flask shaped haploid structure |
| (c) | Anthredium | (iii) | Produces gametes |
| (d) | Archegonium | (iv) | Non photosynthetic diploid body |
| a | b | c | d | |
| 1. | (ii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
| 2. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 3. | (iii) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 4. | (iv) | (iii) | (i) | (ii) |