List - I | List - II | ||
(A) | Hydrarch succession | (I) | Gradual change in the species composition |
(B) | Xerarch succession | (II) | Faster and climax reached quickly |
(C) | Ecological succession | (III) | Lichens to mesic conditions |
(D) | Secondary succession | (IV) | Phytoplankton to mesic conditions |
Options: | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) |
1. | IV | II | III | I |
2. | III | I | IV | II |
3. | I | IV | II | III |
4. | IV | III | I | II |
1. | Standing state | 2. | Standing crop |
3. | Humus | 4. | Detritus |
Assertion (A): | Lichens are the first organisms to colonise bare rocks hence are ecologically important |
Reason (R): | Lichens are symbiotic association between two heterotrophs |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | No energy that is trapped into an organism remains in it for ever. |
Reason (R): | The energy trapped by producers is either passed on to a consumer or the organism dies. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | Animals are called consumers or heterotrophs. |
Reason (R): | All animals depend on plants directly or indirectly for their food needs. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | The base of a pyramid is broad and it narrows down at the apex |
Reason (R): | Shape of pyramid may vary with the food or energy relationship between organisms at different trophic level. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally inverted. |
Reason (R): | The biomass of fishes far exceeds than that of phytoplankton |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | Pyramid of energy is always upright, can never be inverted. |
Reason (R): | When energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | Succession and evolution would have been parallel process. |
Reason (R): | The present day communities in the world have come to be because of succession that has occurred over millions of years since life started on the earth. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
Assertion (A): | The vegetational changes during succession affect food and shelter for various types of animals. |
Reason (R): | As succession proceeds, the number and types of animals and decomposers also change |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |