Countercurrent mechanism helps in maintenance of

1.Concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium.

2.Concentration gradient in the cortical interstitium

3.Concentration gradient in the lumen of collecting duct

4.Concentration gradient in the lumen of DCT

ADH facilitates water reabsoption and

Hypothalamus is stimulated by osmoreceptors and make the neurohypophysis  to release

Osmoreceptors in the body are not activated by

ADH cannot cause

How many times can human urine be concentrated in counter-current mechanism?

1.Four times

2.Five times

3.Three times

4.Two times

ADH has no effects over

Urea is transported back to the interstitium by

1.Collecting Tubule

2.DCT

3.PCT

4.LOH

Kidneys is efficiently monitored and regulated by hormonal feedback mechanisms which does not involve
A. Hypothalamus
B. JGA
C. Heart
D. Liver