Assertion (A): | Juxta Glomerular Apparatus (JGA) plays an important role in regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). |
Reason (R): | A fall in GFR can activate the J.G. cells to release renin which can stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby bringing the GFR to normal level. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
1. | Renal corpuscle of juxta medullary nephron lies in the outer portion of the renal medulla. |
2. | Loop of Henle of juxta medullary nephron runs deep into medulla. |
3. | Juxta medullary nephrons outnumber the cortical nephrons. |
4. | Juxta medullary nephrons are located in the columns of Bertini. |
Statement I: | In the nephron, the descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water and permeable to electrolytes. |
Statement II: | The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by simple columnar brush border epithelium and increases the surface area for reabsorption. |
Column I | Column II | ||
i. | Effective filtration pressure | a. | \(30~mm~Hg\) |
ii. | Filtrate hydrostatic pressure | b. | \(10~mm~Hg\) |
iii. | Glomerular hydrostatic pressure | c. | \(15~mm~Hg\) |
iv. | Osmotic pressure of blood | d. | \(10~mm~Hg\) |
Column-I (Type of kidney stones) |
Column-II (Cause) |
||
a. | Calcium stones | i. | Genetic disorder |
b. | Struvite stones | ii. | Calcium oxalates |
c. | Uric acid stones | iii. | Formed in response to infection by urea bacteria |
d. | Cystine stones | iv. | High protein diet |
P | x | y | z | |
1. | Ascending limb of Henle's loop | \(\downarrow\) | \(\uparrow\) | \(\downarrow\) |
2. | Descending limb of Henle's loop | \(\uparrow\) | \(\uparrow\) | \(\downarrow\) |
3. | Ascending limb of Henle's loop | \(\uparrow\) | \(\uparrow\) | \(\downarrow\) |
4. | Descending limb of Henle's loop | \(\uparrow\) | \(\downarrow\) | \(\uparrow\) |
1. | DCT | Secretion of \(H^+\) and \(K^+\) ions. |
2. | Henle's loop | Reabsorption of glucose, water and \(Na^+\) ions. |
3. | Podocytes | Attached to parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. |
4. | JGA | Rise in glomerular blood pressure activates it to release renin. |
Column-I | Column-II | ||
i. | Podocytes | a. | Crystallised oxalates |
ii. | Protonephridia | b. | Annelids |
iii. | Nephridia | c. | Amphloxus |
iv. | Renal calculi | d. | Filtration slits |
Column I (Function) |
Column II (Part of excretory system) |
||
i. | Ultrafiltration | a. | Henle's loop |
ii. | Concentration of urine | b. | Ureter |
iii. | Transport urine | c. | Urinary bladder |
iv. | Storage of urine | d. | Malpighian corpuscle |
e. | Proximal convoluted tubule |