Assertion   :       Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.

Reason      :       Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood.

Assertion   :       In birds and reptiles, main excretory product is the combined form of urine and faeces.

Reason      :       Birds and reptiles have no separate chamber for excretion of urine and faeces.

Assertion   :       Hemodialysis can save and prolong the life of uremic patients.

Reason      :       Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood by the process of hemodialysis.

Assertion   :       Birds drink very little water and insects never consume water.

Reason      :       Birds and insects are uricotelic with negligible water requirement to eliminate nitrogenous waste.

Assertion :       The antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.

Reason    :       In absence of ADH, water re-absorption is considerably reduced.

Assertion  :       In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic, while in ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is Hypotonic.

Reason     :      Descending limb is impermeable to Na⁺, while ascending limb is impermeable to H₂O.

Which of the following nitrogenous wastes is most toxic form and requires a lot of water for removal?

1.Ammonia

2.Urea

3.Uric acid

4.Creatinine

Which of the following nitrogenous wastes is least toxic?

1.Uric Acid

2.Urea

3.Creatinine

4.Ammonia

Ammonotelic organisms are not

1.Bony Fishes

2.Aquatic Amphibians

3.Aquatic Insects

4.Marine fishes

Ammonotelic organisms excrete out

1.Ammonia

2.Ammonium ions

3.Ammonium sulfate

4.Ammonium nitrate