Assertion (A): | Any deviation from the normal shape of ECG indicates a possible abnormality or disease. |
Reason (R): | The ECGs obtained from different individuals have roughly the same shape for a given lead configuration. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Adrenal medullary hormones can increase the cardiac output. |
Reason (R): | Adrenal medullary hormones are steroids with prominent effects on osmoregulation and glucose homeostasis in human body. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | The human heart is called as myogenic. |
Reason (R): | The human heart is made up of cardiac muscles. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Heart failure is sometimes called congestive heart failure. |
Reason (R): | Heart failure means the state of heart when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
1. | there is a higher concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the blood than the interstitial fluid |
2. | there is a higher concentration of water in the blood than in the interstitial fluid |
3. | of the plasma proteins present in blood |
4. | of the hydrostatic pressure produced by the heart’s contractions |
Assertion(A): | The cardiac output of an athlete will be much higher than that of an ordinary man. |
Reason(R): | The body has the ability to alter the stroke volume as well as the heart rate and thereby the cardiac output. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | (A) is False and (R) is True. |
I: | The first heart sound (lub) is associated with the opening of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves. |
II: | The second heart sound (dub) is associated with the opening of the semilunar valves. |