A. | Breathing or pulmonary ventilation by which air is drawn in and CO2 rich air is released out |
B. | Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissue |
C. | Transport of gases by the blood |
D. | Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across alveolar membrane |
E. | Utilization of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2 |
(a) | It includes ERV, TV and IRV |
(b) | Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration |
(c) | The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration |
(d) | It includes ERV, RV and IRV. |
(e) | The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. |
1. | (b), (d) and (e) | 2. | (a), (c) and (d) |
3. | (a), (c) and (e) | 4. | (a) and (e) |
1. | Medulla | 2. | Pons |
3. | Thalamus | 4. | Cerebrum |
I: | P is an incomplete cartilaginous ring seen only in trachea and principal bronchus. |
II: | Q is the point where the trachea divides into a right and left primary bronchus and corresponds to the level of 5th thoracic vertebra. |
III: | R shows the double-layered pleura where the outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining. |
IV: | S is pleural cavity with minimal amount of pleural fluid which reduces friction on the lung surface. |
1. Only I, II and III | 2. Only I, III and IV |
3. Only II, III and IV | 4. I, II, III and IV |