I. | Protoplast fusion using electric shock (electrofusion) or chemical treatment. |
II. | The removal of the cell wall of one cell of each type of plant using cellulase enzyme to produce a somatic cell called a protoplast |
III. | The formation of the cell wall induced using hormones |
IV. | The cells are then grown into calluses which then are further grown to plantlets and finally to a full plant, known as a somatic hybrid. |
1. | an excess of auxin will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of cytokinin yield shoots |
2. | an excess of auxin will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of gibberellins yield shoots |
3. | an excess of cytokinin will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of gibberellins yield shoots |
4. | an excess of gibberellins will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of ethylene yield shoots |
1. | The production of plants that exhibit large variations from the parent plants. |
2. | Quickly production of mature plants. |
3. | The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified. |
4. | Storage of genetic plant material to safeguard native plant species. |
1. | Hormone with FSH like activity is used to induce super ovulation |
2. | The cow is mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated |
3. | Fertilized eggs are recovered surgically at 4-8 cell stage |
4. | The proembryos are transferred to surrogate mothers |