Why it is hotter for the same distance over the top of a candle than it is inside of its flame?

1. Conduction of heat in the air is upward.

2. Heat is maximum radiated in the upward direction.

3. Radiation and conduction both contribute to transferring heat upwards.

4. Convection takes more heat in the upward direction.

In gravity-free space, heat transfer is not possible by:

1. Conduction

2. Convection

3. Radiation

4. Both (1) and (3)

Which factor does not affect convection?

1. Temperature difference

2. The rate of movement of carrying medium

3. The volumetric specific heat of carrying medium

4. The thermal conductivity of carrying medium

A polished plate with a rough black spot is heated to a high temperature and then taken to a dark room, then,

1. Spot will appear brighter than the plate.

2. Spot will appear darker than the plate.

3. Both will appear equally brighter.

4. Both will not be visible.

Select the incorrect statement.

1. A body radiates at all temperatures except 0 K.

2. A good reflector is a bad radiator.

3. A colder body can radiate heat to the hotter surroundings.

4. A body does not radiate when its temperature is below 0°C.

"A good absorber is a good emitter" is explained by:

1. Stefan's law

2. Wien's law

3. Newton's law of cooling

4. Kirchhoff's law

The rate of radiation of energy from a hot object is maximum if its surface is:

1. White and smooth

2. Black and rough

3. Black and smooth

4. White and rough

Two balls of the same material and same surface finish have their diameters in the ratio 1:2. They are heated to the same temperature and are left in a room to cool by radiation, then the initial rate of loss of heat:

1. Will be the same for the balls.

2. For larger ball is half that of another ball.

3. For larger ball is twice that of another ball.

4. For larger ball is four times that of the other ball.

A black body, which is at a high-temperature T K, radiates thermal radiations at the rate of E W/m². If the temperature falls to T/4 K, the thermal radiations emitted in W/m² will be:

1. E

2. E/4

3. E/64

4. E/256

Two metal spheres have radii r and 2r and they emit thermal radiations with maximum intensities at wavelengths $\mathrm{\lambda }$ and 2$\mathrm{\lambda }$ respectively. The respective ratio of the radiant energies emitted by them per second will be:

1. 4 : 1

2. 1 : 4

3. 16 : 1

4. 8 : 1