The occurrence of endemic species in South America and Australia is due to  

1. Extinction of these species from other regions

2. Continental separation

3. No terrestrial route to these places

4. Retrogressive evolution 

Most often the factor that initiates the speciation of two populations is:

(1) Geographic isolation

(2) Inability of the gametes to fuse

(3) Different courtship behaviours

(4) Different copulatory organs

Reproduction isolation in sympatric speciation develops without a 

(1) Geographic barrier

(2) Barrier to gene flow

(3) Change in chromosome number

(4) Barrier to mating

Speciation of sympatric species is due to

(1) geographic isolation

(2) reproductive isolation

(3) isolation/separation

(4) migration

One of the important consequences of geographical isolation is:

1. no change in the isolated fauna

2. preventing speciation

3. speciation through reproductive isolation

4. random creation of new species