The amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling is known as:
1. tidal volume | 2. expiratory reserve volume |
3. vital capacity | 4. residual volume |
Gas exchange in the human lungs takes place across the respiratory membrane which is made up of:
1. alveolar macrophages and the alveolar cell membrane
2. alveolar cell membrane and its basement membrane
3. alveolar cell membrane and capillary membrane
4. alveolar cell membrane, capillary membrane, and fused basement membranes
The conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid in the red blood cells is catalyzed by the enzyme:
1. hemoglobin | 2. carbonic anhydrase |
3. carbonic oxidoreductase | 4. carbonic transferase |
When compared with carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air and its solubility in water is respectively:
1. lower, lower | 2. lower, higher |
3. greater, lower | 4. greater, higher |
What is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively in the venous blood leaving the tissues [in mm of Hg]?
1. 104, 40 | 2. 95, 40 |
3. 40, 45 | 4. 20, 46 |
A minimal amount of pleural fluid present in the pleural cavity:
1. | provides a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases |
2. | reduces friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
3. | provides lubrication for movements of the diaphragm |
4. | permits the exchange of electrolytes during respiration |
When the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract, intrapulmonary pressure should
1. | increase | 2. | decrease |
3. | remain constant | 4. | equal atmospheric pressure |
During deglutition, the food is prevented from entering into the larynx by the cartilaginous:
1. epiglottis | 2. glottis |
3. aryepiglottic fold | 4. laryngeal prominence |
The trachea divides into a right and a left primary bronchus at the level of:
1. 2nd thoracic vertebra | 2. 3rd thoracic vertebra |
3. 5th thoracic vertebra | 4. 12th thoracic vertebra |
Regarding pulmonary capacities, the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration can also be defined as:
1. Total volume of air a person can inspire or expire after a normal inspiration or expiration
2. Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration
3. Maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration
4. Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration