\(\mathrm{C},\) \(\mathrm{Si},\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\) have the same lattice structure. Why is the \(\mathrm{C}\) insulator?
| 1. | because ionization energy for \(\mathrm{C}\) is the least in comparison to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\). |
| 2. | because ionization energy for \(\mathrm{C}\) is highest in comparison to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and \(\mathrm{Ge}\). |
| 3. | the number of free electrons for conduction in \(\mathrm{Ge}\) and \(\mathrm{Si}\) is significant but negligibly small for \(\mathrm{C}\). |
| 4. | both (2) and (3). |