| A: | Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years, hence more time was available for species diversification. |
| B: | Tropical environments are more seasonal. |
| C: | More solar energy is available in tropics. |
| D: | Constant environments promote niche specialization. |
| E: | Tropical environments are constant and predictable. |
| 1. | A, B and E only |
| 2. | A and B only |
| 3. | A, B and D only |
| 4. | A, C, D and E only |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Robert May | I. | Species-Area relationship |
| B. | Alexander von Humboldt | II. | Long term ecosystem experiment using outdoor plots |
| C. | Paul Ehrlich | III. | Global species diversity is about 7 million |
| D. | David Tilman | IV. | Rivet Popper hypothesis |
| 1. | A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II | 2. | A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV |
| 3. | A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I | 4. | A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV |
| Statement l: | Rain forests, which used to cover more than 14% of the earth's land surface, are now reduced to 6%. |
| Statement II: | The Amazon rain forest has the greatest biodiversity on earth. |
Species Area relationship is described by the following equation.
log S = log C + Z log A
where Z is:
| 1. | Area | 2. | Species richness |
| 3. | Slope of the line | 4. | Y-intercept |
| (a) | Plants | (b) | Invertebrates |
| (c) | Fishes | (d) | Mammals |
| (e) | Birds |
| 1. | (a) > (b) > (e) > (d) > (c) | 2. | (a) > (c) > (d) > (b) > (e) |
| 3. | (b) > (a) > (e) > (d) > (c) | 4. | (b) > (a) > (c) > (e) > (d) |
According to Alexander von Humboldt :
| 1. | Species richness decreases with increasing area of exploration |
| 2. | Species richness increases with the increasing area, but only up to a limit |
| 3. | There is no relationship between species richness and the area explored |
| 4. | Species richness goes on increasing with increasing area of exploration |
Alexander Von Humboldt described for the first time:
1. Laws of limiting factor
2. Species-Area relationships
3. Population Growth equations
4. Ecological Biodiversity