Pinus seed cannot germinate and establish without fungal association. This is because:
| 1. | its seeds contain inhibitors that prevent germination. |
| 2. | its embryo is immature. |
| 3. | it has obligate association with mycorrhizae. |
| 4. | it has very hard seed coat. |
| Statement I: | Needle-like leaves in conifers help reduce water loss by minimizing surface area. |
| Statement II: | The thick cuticle and sunken stomata in gymnosperm leaves are adaptations to withstand extreme temperatures and water scarcity. |
| 1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
| 2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
| 3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
| 4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
Which of the following statement is true for Pinus?
| 1. | Roots have fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza |
| 2. | Male and female strobili borne on same tree |
| 3. | Both 1 and 2 |
| 4. | Roots are called coralloid roots |
| Statement I: | The gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation. |
| Statement II: | The seeds that develop post-fertilisation, are not covered, i.e., are naked. |
Coralloid roots of gymnosperms are/have
| 1. | Irregular and possess large number of roots hairs. |
| 2. | Symbiotic association with Rhizobium. |
| 3. | Symbiotic association with N2 - fixing cyanobacteria. |
| 4. | VAM |
Mark the wrong statement about Cycas
| 1. | Stem unbranched |
| 2. | Pinnate leaves persist for few years |
| 3. | Roots associated with cyanobacteria |
| 4. | Male and female reproductive structure on same plant |
| 1. | gametophytes have an independent free-living existence |
| 2. | pollen grains are transported by water |
| 3. | pollen tubes are not seen |
| 4. | seeds are not covered |
Conifers are adapted to tolerate extreme environmental conditions because of?
1. broad hardy leaves
2. superficial stomata
3. thick cuticle
4. the presence of vessels
| 1. | Cycas | 2. | Cicer |
| 3. | Pisum | 4. | Alnus |