| I: | It is the most acceptable system for classification of living organisms. |
| II: | The vegetative characters are more easily affected by environment. |
| 1. | an artificial system based mainly on the androecium structure. |
| 2. | a natural system based on large number of natural affinities between flowering plants. |
| 3. | was a phylogenetic system based on evolutionary relationships. |
| 4. | was a chemotaxonomic system based on structure of homologous proteins. |
| Assertion (A): | Equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics in the artificial systems is not acceptable. |
| Reason (R): | The sexual characters are more easily affected by environment. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| Assertion(A): | Artificial systems of classification of organisms are simple and acceptable to most scientists. |
| Reason (R): | Artificial classification systems take into account the evolutionary relationships between living organisms. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True; (R) is False |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
| 1. | Artificial systems utilize genetic similarities, whereas natural systems use morphological characteristics. |
| 2. | Artificial systems classify organisms based on a few characteristics, while natural systems consider a large number of characteristics. |
| 3. | Artificial systems classify organisms based on evolutionary relationships, while natural systems focus on ecological roles. |
| 4. | Artificial systems are based on observable characteristics, while natural systems are more theoretical. |
| Statement I: | Classification for flowering plants given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker is a natural system of classification. |
| Statement II: | Classification for flowering plants given by Linnaeus is an artificial system of classification. |
| 1. | Cytotaxonomy | 2. | Phylogenetic system |
| 3. | Chemotaxonomy | 4. | Numerical taxonomy |
| Column I [Classification method] |
Column II [Feature used] |
||
| A. | Artificial | P. | Evolutionary relationships |
| B. | Phylogenetic | Q. | Gross morphological characters |
| C. | Chemotaxonomy | R. | Chemical constituents of plants |
| D. | Cytotaxonomy | S. | Chromosome number, structure and behaviour |
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | P | Q | S | R |
| 2. | Q | P | R | S |
| 3. | R | S | P | Q |
| 4. | S | R | Q | P |
In numerical taxonomy:
| I: | computers are used and all the observable characters are taken into consideration. |
| II: | hundreds of characters can be considered together and each character is given equal importance. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. both I and II are incorrect
| 1. | Phylogenetic classification systems | Based on evolutionary relationships |
| 2. | Numerical Taxonomy | Based on all observable characteristics |
| 3. | Cytotaxonomy | Based on a few vegetative characters only. |
| 4. | Chemotaxonomy | Uses the chemical constituents of the plant |