| I: | is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. |
| II: | is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth. |
| Assertion (A): | When we look at stars on a clear night sky we are, in a way, looking back in time. |
| Reason (R): | When we see objects in our immediate surroundings, we see them instantly and hence in the present time. |
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 1. | 20 billion years back | 2. | 10 billion years back |
| 3. | 4.5 billion years back | 4. | 3.0 billion years back |
| I: | Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface. |
| II: | The UV rays from the sun broke up water into Hydrogen and Oxygen and the lighter H2 escaped. |
| III: | Oxygen combined with ammonia and methane to form water, CO2, and other gases. |
| IV: | As it cooled, the water vapour fell as rain, filling all the depressions and forming oceans. |
| I: | The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) |
| II: | The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. |
| Assertion (A): | Louis Pasteur, in his experiment, showed that in pre-sterilised flasks, life did not come from killed yeast while in another flask open to air, new living organisms arose from ‘killed yeast’. |
| Reason (R): | Life comes only from pre-existing life. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 1. | All living organisms (species or types) that we see today were created as such. |
| 2. | The diversity was always the same since creation and will be the same in future also. |
| 3. | Earth is about 4000 years old. |
| 4. | Living organisms develop from non-living matter. |
The most accepted line of descent in human evolution is:
| 1. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo sapiens → Homo habilis |
| 2. | Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens |
| 3. | Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens |
| 4. | Australopithecus → Ramapithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens. |