Assertion (A): | Ecosystems with higher species diversity are less subject to invasive species. |
Reason (R): | Fewer niches are available in ecosystems with higher species diversity. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
1. | 25 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
2. | 33 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
3. | 66 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
4. | 70 % of the annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere |
1. | GPP is the total rate of photosynthesis, including both organic matter used in respiration and biomass accumulation; NPP is only the biomass accumulation. |
2. | GPP refers to the energy stored by consumers, while NPP refers to the energy stored by producers. |
3. | GPP is the total biomass accumulated, while NPP is the leftover energy after plants' metabolic needs are met. |
4. | NPP is always higher than GPP because it includes consumer productivity. |
Statement I: | The annual net primary productivity of the entire biosphere is approximately 170 billion tons of wet fresh weight organic matter. |
Statement II: | Oceans contribute the majority of the net primary productivity of the biosphere. |
1. | Both statements I and II are correct |
2. | Both statements I and II are incorrect |
3. | Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct |
1. | Primary production | 2. | Primary productivity |
3. | Secondary production | 4. | Secondary productivity |
1. | Fragmentation → Leaching → Catabolism |
2. | Catabolism → Leaching → Fragmentation |
3. | Leaching → Fragmentation → Catabolism |
4. | There is no sequence as all steps occur simultaneously |