1. | About 2 to 10 % of incident solar radiation is PAR |
2. | An ecosystem is exempt from the Second Law of Thermodynamics |
3. | The amount of energy increases at successive trophic levels |
4. | The number of trophic levels in a grazing food chain is limited |
1. | less and less amount of new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
2. | no new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
3. | more and more amount of new chemical energy is added at successive trophic levels |
4. | less amount of new chemical energy is added at primary consumer level and then the amount of new chemical energy added to successive levels becomes more and more |
1. | Sun is the source of energy |
2. | Begins with consumers |
3. | Major conduit for energy flow in aquatic ecosystems |
4. | Size of organisms commonly increase at higher trophic levels |
Assertion (A): | In an ecosystem, organisms are linked through food chains and food webs. |
Reason (R): | No energy that is trapped into an organism remains in it forever. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
3. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
Assertion (A): | Ecosystems require a constant supply of energy to synthesize molecules and maintain their functioning. |
Reason (R): | Ecosystems are not exempt from the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which states that systems tend toward increasing disorder (entropy). |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Assertion (A): | Heterotrophs generally have high energy conversion efficiencies when compared to those of plants. |
Reason (R): | At higher trophic levels, the respiratory costs are dramatically reduced. |
1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (R) |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
Assertion (A): | Light is the main variable limiting primary production in the oceans. |
Reason (R): | Solar radiation does not drive photosynthesis in oceans. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |