a. | They float freely in the cytoplasm of certain bacterial cells. |
b. | They have the ability to replicate, independent of the genomic DNA. |
c. | Herbert Boyer developed a method of removing and reinserting them in the cells. |
d. | They are circular ssDNA molecules. |
Column I | Column II | ||
a. | Salmonella typhimurium | (i) | Source of EcoRI |
b. | Bacillus thuringiensis | (ii) | Used in developing transgenic tobacco plant |
c. | Agrobacterium tumefaciens |
(iii) | Used in creating first recombinant DNA |
d. | Escherichia coli | (iv) | Gene used in creating biopesticide |
Column I | Column II | ||
a. | Restriction endonuclease | (i) | Hind II |
b. | First recombinant DNA | (ii) | Obtained from strain RY13 |
c. | First restriction endonuclease | (iii) | Isolated in 1963 |
d. | EcoRI | (iv) | Developed in 1972 |
Statement (A): | DNA cannot pass through cell membranes as it is a hydrophobic molecule. |
Statement (B): | Treatment with Ca2+ ions increases the efficiency with which DNA enters into the bacterium. |
Column-I | Column -II | ||
a. | Biosynthetic stage | (i) | Increased surface area for oxygen transfer |
b. | Downstream processing | (ii) | Large-scale production in the fermenter |
c. | Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor |
(iii) | With foam breaker and flat bladed impeller |
d. | Simple stirred-tank bioreactor |
(iv) | Separation and purification |