| Assertion (A): | Monocotyledonous stems do not possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues. |
| Reason(R): | In monocotyledonous stems, cambium is present. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True, but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False, but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | Dicotyledonous stems possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues. |
| Reason (R): | In dicotyledonous stems, cambium is present between pericycle and xylem. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True, but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False, but (R) is True. |
| Assertion(A): | Monocotyledonous stems do not possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues. |
| Reason(R): | In monocotyledonous stems, cambium is not present. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | The vascular bundles of dicot stems are called open vascular bundles. |
| Reason (R): | Dicot stems can make secondary xylem and secondary phloem with the help of cambium. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| Statement A | Annual rings can be distinctly observed in plants growing in temperate regions |
| Statement B | In temperate regions, the climatic conditions are not uniform throughout the year |
| 1. | Statement A is correct but Statement B is wrong |
| 2. | Both the Statement A and B are correct and Statement B is the correct explanation of Statement A |
| 3. | Both the Statement A and B are correct but statement B is not the correct explanation of Statement A |
| 4. | Both the Statement A and B are incorrect |
| (i) | Autumn wood and spring wood appear as alternate concentric rings and constitute an annual ring. |
| (ii) | Late wood possesses vessels of narrow diameter relative to early wood. |
| (iii) | Annual rings seen in cut stems give an estimate of the age of the tree and this method is called a dendrogram. |
| (iv) | Cambium is more active during the spring season than the winter season. |
| (v) | Growth rings or annual rings are very prominent in the trees growing near sea shores. |
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| A. | Bean shaped guard cell | (i) | Dicot stem |
| B. | Dumb-bell shaped guard cell | (ii) | Monocot leaf |
| C. | Trichome | (iii) | Dicot leaf |
| D. | Exarch xylem | (iv) | Dicot and monocot root |
| (i) | Epidermal cells have a lower number of chloroplasts or lack them completely, except for the guard cells. |
| (ii) | Epidermis is mostly single-layered except in the leaves of Ficus and Peperomia. |
| (iii) | Epidermis lack intercellular spaces. |
| (iv) | Root epidermis lack cuticle. |
| (v) | In plants with secondary growth, the epidermis of roots and stems is usually replaced by a periderm through the action of cork cambium or phellogen. |
| (i) | The sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by pit fields present between their common longitudinal walls. |
| (ii) | Pholem parenchyma is made of elongated non-tapering cylindrical cells which have scanty cytoplasm. |
| (iii) | Pholem fibres are made of parenchymatous cells. |
| (iv) | Companion cells help in maintaining the pressure gradient in the sieve tube. |
| (v) | The phloem parenchyma stores food material and other substances like resins, latex, and mucilage |
| (i) | The first formed primary xylem elements are called protoxylem and the later formed primary xylem is called metaxylem |
| (ii) | Primary xylem is endarch in stems |
| (iii) | Primary xylem is exarch is roots |
| (iv) | Phloem transports food materials, usually from leaves to other plants parts |
| (v) | Vessel members are interconnected through perforations in their common walls |
| (vi) | Tracheids are elongated or tube like cells with thick, lignified walls and tapering cells |