Primary carnivores are, most aptly, characterized as:

1.	Secondary producers	2.	Primary consumers
3.	Secondary consumers	4.	Tertiary consumers

In a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the:

In an aquatic food chain, zooplankton occupy which trophic level?

Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time, best called as:

Approximately, what percent of energy is transferred to each trophic level from the lower trophic level in an ecosystem?

The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called:
1. Taxa
2. Seres
3. Pioneers
4. Climax

In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland

Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in: 

1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II

The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:

The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity