Regardless of the specific technique used (GC, HPLC, TLC, etc.), what is the fundamental mechanism required for all chromatographic separations to occur?

1. Use of molecules that are soluble in water

2. Use of inert carrier gas

3. Calculation of R_f value for the molecule separated

4. Use of a mobile and a stationary phase

The number of σ and π bonds in the molecule $C_6{H}_6$ are -

The number of σ and π bonds in the molecule $C_6{H}_{12}$ are:

1. 7 = (${\sigma }_{C-C})$ , 11 =  $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$, and 0= π 

2. 6 = (${\sigma }_{C-C})$ , 12 =  $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$, and 0= π 

3. 12 = (${\sigma }_{C-C})$ , 6 =  $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$, and 1= π 

4. 5 = (${\sigma }_{C-C})$ , 13 =  $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$, and 1= π 

The number of σ and π bonds in the molecule ${\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{Cl}}_2$ are -

1.  2 = (${\sigma }_{C-Cl})$ , 1= $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$ , and 1= π

2. 2 = (${\sigma }_{C-Cl})$ , 2= $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$ , and 0= π

3. 2 = (${\sigma }_{C-Cl})$ , 1= $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$ , and 1= π

4. 2 = (${\sigma }_{C-Cl})$ , 1= $\left({\sigma }_{C-H}\right)$ , and 1= π

Chlorine atom can be classified as:

$\stackrel{1}{C}{H}_2$ $=\stackrel{2}{C}=O$

The correct hybridization states of carbon atoms in the above compound are - 

The correct hybridization states of carbon atoms marked as 1,2,3 in the following compound are:
\({ }^1 \mathrm{CH}_3-\mathrm{ }^2{C} \mathrm{H}={}^3{\mathrm{C}} \mathrm{H}_2 \)

The correct hybridization states of carbon atoms in the following compound are - $\stackrel{1}{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\; \hspace{0.17em}\; C}}{H}_2=\stackrel{2}{C}H-\stackrel{3}{C}\equiv N$
 

The correct hybridization states of carbon atoms in C₆H_{6 (cyclic compound)} is/are:

1.  sp² 

2. sp

3. sp³

4.  All of the above

During estimation of nitrogen present in an organic compound, the ammonia evolved from 0.5 g of the compound in Kjeldahl’s estimation of nitrogen, neutralized 10 mL of 1 M H₂SO₄. The percentage of nitrogen in the compound is-

1. 46.0 %

2. 51.0%

3. 56.0%

4. 49.0%