During the process of ecological succession, the changes that take place in communities are :
1. Orderly and sequential
2. Random
3. Very quick
4. Not influenced by the physical environment
Climax community is in a state of :
1. Non-equilibrium
2. Equilibrium
3. Disorder
4. Constant change
The entire sequence of communities that successively change in a given area are called:
1. Taxa
2. Seres
3. Pioneers
4. Climax
In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
Primary succession takes a very long time when compared to secondary succession, primarily, because:
1. immigration of pioneer species takes time
2. soil formation is a very slow process
3. there is a low availability of ecological niches
4. environmental conditions are highly variable
Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
In primary ecological succession in water, the pioneers are:
1. Mosses
2. Lichens
3. Phytoplankton
4. Free floating hydrophytes
The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |