| 1. | −1.635 kJ mol−1, spontaneous |
| 2. | +0.63568 kJ mol−1, non-spontaneous |
| 3. | −0.63568 kJ mol−1, spontaneous |
| 4. | +1.635 kJ mol−1, non-spontaneous |
| 1. | \(\Delta \mathrm{S}_{\text {system }}=4.606 \mathrm~{R} ; \Delta \mathrm{S}_{\text {surroundings }}=0\) |
| 2. | \(\Delta \mathrm{~S}_{\text {system }}=0 ;~ \Delta \mathrm{S}_{\text {surroundings }}=0 \) |
| 3. | \(\Delta \mathrm{~S}_{\text {system }}=4.606~ \mathrm{R} ; \Delta \mathrm{S}_{\text {surroundings }}= -4.606 \mathrm{R}\) |
| 4. | \(\Delta \mathrm{~S}_{\text {system }}=0 ; \quad \Delta ~~\mathrm{S}_{\text {surroundings }}= 4.606 \mathrm{R}\) |
| A. | A liquid evaporates to vapour. |
| B. | Temperature of a crystalline solid lowered from \(130~\text{K}\) to \(0~\text{K}.\) |
| C. | \(2 \mathrm{NaHCO}_{3(\mathrm{~s})} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_{3(\mathrm{~s})}+\mathrm{CO}_{2(\mathrm{~g})}+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_{(\mathrm{g})}\) |
| D. | \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2(\mathrm{~g})} \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Cl}_{(\mathrm{g})}\) |
| 1. | \(\text { A, B and D }\) | 2. | \(\text { A, C and D }\) |
| 3. | \(\text { C and D }\) | 4. | \(\text { A and C }\) |
Which of the following statements is correct for an irreversible isothermal expansion of an ideal gas?
1.
2.
3.
4.
| 1. | \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{H}>0\) and \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{S}<0 \) | 2. | \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{H}<0\) and \( \Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{S}>0 \) |
| 3. | \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{H}<0 \) and \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{S}<0 \) | 4. | \(\Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{H}>0\) and \( \Delta_{\mathrm{r}} \mathrm{S}>0\) |
If for a certain reaction is 30 kJ mol–1 at 450 K, the value of (in JK–1 mol–1) for which the same reaction will be spontaneous at the same temperature is:
| 1. | 70 | 2. | –33 |
| 3. | 33 | 4. | –70 |