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Q. No.The Urey-Miller experiment, conducted in 1953, was a groundbreaking study in understanding the chemical origins of life. Consider the following statements regarding their experiment:
Which of the following is correct?
| Statement A: | The experiment simulated the conditions of early Earth’s atmosphere by using a mixture of methane, ammonia, hydrogen, and water vapor, exposing it to sparking electricity. |
| Statement B: | The experiment successfully demonstrated that complex biomolecules such as RNA and DNA could be synthesized from simple molecules under early Earth conditions. |
| 1. | Both Statement A and Statement B are correct. |
| 2. | Both Statement A and Statement B are incorrect. |
| 3. | Statement A is correct but Statement B is incorrect. |
| 4. | Statement A is incorrect but Statement B is correct |
Subtopic: Urey & Miller Experiment |
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The basic tenets of evolution by natural selection as defined by Darwin do not include:
| 1. | More individuals are produced each generation than can survive. |
| 2. | Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. |
| 3. | Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive. |
| 4. | The evolutionarily significant variations in the population arise due to mutations. |
Subtopic: Darwin's Theory |
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Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Giraffes, in an attempt to forage leaves on tall trees, had to adapt by elongation of their necks. |
| Reason (R): | This elongated neck, an acquired trait, was inherited by their progeny. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | (A) is False and (R) is False |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Subtopic: Theory of Evolution & Lamarckism |
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Which of the following is not true about Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
| 1. | The survival and reproduction of organisms depend on inherited traits that suit their environment. |
| 2. | Populations exhibit variation in traits, and individuals with advantageous traits reproduce more. |
| 3. | Fitness, in Darwin’s sense, refers to the reproductive success of organisms in a given environment. |
| 4. | Natural selection leads to the creation of new traits that are better adapted to changing environments. |
Subtopic: Darwin's Theory |
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Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?
| 1. | The similarity in the wing structure of bats and birds. |
| 2. | The resemblance in body shape between dolphins and fish. |
| 3. | The development of wings in birds and insects. |
| 4. | The adaptation of cacti and euphorbs to desert environments. |
Subtopic: Embryological Evidence of Evolution |
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Select the correct sequence w.r.t evolution of plant forms.
| 1. | Rhynia-type plants → Psilophyton → Seed ferns → Progymnosperms → Cycads |
| 2. | Chlorophyte ancestors → Rhynia-type plants → Tracheophyte ancestors → Psilophyton |
| 3. | Tracheophyte ancestors → Zosterophyllum → Lycopods |
| 4. | Chlorophyte ancestors → Tracheophyte ancestors → Bryophytes |
Subtopic: Concept of Organic Evolution: Evidence: 1 |
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The emergence of resistance to antibiotics in bacterial groups is due to:
| 1. | adaptive radiation |
| 2. | transduction |
| 3. | pre-existing variation in the population |
| 4. | mutations induced by antibiotics |
Subtopic: Concept of Organic Evolution: Evidence |
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Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Almost all fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. |
| Reason (R): | Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. |
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Subtopic: Palentological Evidences of Evolution |
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A population of a species invades a new area. Which of the following condition will lead to adaptive radiation?
| 1. | Area with a large number of habitats having very low food supply |
| 2. | Area with a single type of vacant habitat |
| 3. | Area with many types of vacant habitats |
| 4. | Area with many habitats occupied by a large number of species |
Subtopic: Theory of Evolution & Lamarckism | Concept of Organic Evolution: Evidence |
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Geneticists refer to "fitness" as:
| 1. | the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats. |
| 2. | the number of mates each individual of the population selects. |
| 3. | the relative health of each individual in the population. |
| 4. | a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation. |
Subtopic: Biological Evolution |
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