Which of the following links ecology to population genetics and evolution?
| 1. | Organismic ecology | 2. | Population ecology | 
| 3. | Ecosystem ecology | 4. | Biome ecology | 
| Assertion (A): | Age-structure pyramids for the population of a country not only predict a population’s growth trends but can also illuminate social conditions. | 
| Reason (R): | These pyramids show the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically that of a country or region of the world. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
While heat gain or heat loss is the function of ________, heat production is the function of _______ of the body of an animal.
1. Volume; Surface area
2. Surface area; Volume
3. Volume; Volume
4. Surface area; Surface area
A feature of ‘r’ strategists would be:
| 1. | few offspring | 2. | little parental care | 
| 3. | sigmoid growth curves | 4. | a longer generation time | 
| Assertion (A): | Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if one or more significant differences in their niches arise through time. | 
| Reason (R): | Two species cannot coexist permanently in a community if their niches are identical. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. | 
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. | 
In general, competition has the least impact on:
| 1. | Plants | 2. | Herbivores | 
| 3. | Carnivores | 4. | Both 1 and 2 | 
Ecology at the organismic level is essentially:
1. Physiological ecology
2. Biochemical ecology
3. Anatomical ecology
4. Pathological ecology
The relationship between cattle egret and grazing cattle can be best described as:
| 1. | Mutualism | 2. | Commensalism | 
| 3. | Parasitism | 4. | Competition | 
Identify the correct statement:
| 1. | Eutrophic lakes contain fewer nutrients than oligotrophic lakes. | 
| 2. | Xerarch succession is a primary succession that occurs in water bodies. | 
| 3. | Most ecologists believe that most communities achieve stable, unchanging climax vegetation. | 
| 4. | A mature ecosystem has greater species richness, greater biomass, and less net productivity than a younger stage of succession. |