Transplantation of tissues/organs to save certain patients often fails due to the rejection of such tissues/organs by the patient. Which type of immune response is responsible for such rejections?
1. auto-immune response
2. humoral immune response
3. physiological immune response
4. cell-mediated immune response
Active immunity develops when:
1. | A host is exposed to antigens |
2. | Antigen presenting cells first encounter the antigen |
3. | T helper cells activate B cells to produce antibodies |
4. | When a child gets vaccinated for the first time |
A foetus receiving some antibodies from mother through placenta is an example of:
1. | Naturally acquired active immunity |
2. | Artificially acquired active immunity |
3. | Artificially acquired passive immunity |
4. | Naturally acquired passive immunity |
Assertion (A): | If a person is infected with some deadly microbes to which a quick immune response is required as in tetanus, we need to directly inject the preformed antibodies or antitoxin. |
Reason (R): | This type of immunization is called passive immunization. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |
The principle of immunization or vaccination is based on which property of the immune system?
1. Specificity
2. Memory
3. Ability to recognize self from non-self
4. Cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity
What type of immunity is used in the treatment of a patient of snakebite?
1. | Naturally acquired active immunity |
2. | Artificially acquired active immunity |
3. | Artificially acquired passive immunity |
4. | Naturally acquired passive immunity |
A person has a contaminated wound after a road traffic accident. He has not received tetanus toxoid in his life and was given tetanus immunoglobulin. The type of immunity that will be conferred to this person will be:
1. passive natural immunity.
2. active natural immunity.
3. active artificial immunity.
4. passive artificial immunity.
Recombinant vaccine used to prevent Hepatitis B contains:
1. killed hepatitis B virus
2. live attenuated hepatitis B virus
3. antigenic polypeptide of hepatitis B virus
4. messenger RNA of yeast
Assertion (A): | In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogen or inactivated/weakened pathogen (vaccine) are introduced into the body. |
Reason (R): | The vaccines also generate memory – B and T-cells that recognise the pathogen quickly on subsequent exposure and overwhelm the invaders with a massive production of antibodies. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are False |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |
Where do the T-lymphocytes develop the ability to recognize self from non-self antigens?
1. | plasma cells | 2. | spleen |
3. | thymus | 4. | liver |