All of the following are true regarding inflammation except:
1. | The same sequence of events occurs in response to any injury, whether it be a burn, an infection, or trauma. |
2. | The signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, heat, and possibly loss of function. |
3. | Cytokines, histamine, complement, and other chemical mediators are released. |
4. | Monocytes are the first cells to arrive from the bloodstream at the site of inflammation. |
Opsonization :
1. | is the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells. |
2. | is the secretory component of IgA. |
3. | helps increase phagocytosis. |
4. | is the interaction that allows IgG to cross the placenta. |
The epitope is the part of the :
1. | antibody that binds to the antigen. |
2. | antibody that binds to the T helper cell. |
3. | antigen that is bound by the antibody. |
4. | hypervariable region of the antibody. |
The antigen-binding sites of an antibody molecule are formed from the molecule's variable regions. Why are these regions described as variable?
1. | They can change their shapes to fit different antigens. |
2. | They change their shapes when they bind to an antigen. |
3. | Their specific shapes are unimportant. |
4. | The amino acid sequences of these regions vary widely among antibodies from different B cells. |
Plants do not have cancers as:
1. | they do not have circulation |
2. | they have highly developed immunity against them |
3. | the plant cells have cell walls |
4. | they already have meristems at their tips |
Which of the following is not a documented effect of alcoholism?
1. | intrauterine growth retardation in the fetus if the pregnant female consumes alcohol. |
2. | cirrhosis of the liver secondary to fatty deposition in the liver. |
3. | an increase in the secretion of ADH by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. |
4. | gastritis and pancreatitis. |
An infant can get passive immunity from:
1. | infection | 2. | colostrum |
3. | anti-Rh Ig | 4. | vaccination with live vaccines |
Consider the following statements:
I: | Plasmodium falciparum causes malignant tertian malaria. |
II: | Release of hemosiderin from burst RBCs is responsible for paroxysms of malarial attacks. |
III: | Sporozoites are the infectious forms of Plasmodium. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |
Consider the following statements:
I: | Cancer is essentially a genetic disease caused by multiple mutational events. |
II: | Cancerous cells are rapidly dividing cells that exhibit contact inhibition. |
III: | Metstatsis is the most feared complication of any cancer. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |
Consider the following statements:
I: | HIV is a retrovirus. |
II: | It infects and destroys the CD4 T-lymphocytes. |
III: | The newer antiretroviral drugs are a cure for HIV infection. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |