1. | Leukaemias are diagnosed by blood and bone marrow tests. |
2. | CT scan uses X rays. |
3. | MRI uses ionising radiation and strong magnetic fields. |
4. | Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens can be used for the detection of certain cancers. |
Assertion (A): |
Biological response modifiers like alpha interferon can help detection and destruction of tumour cells by the
immune system. |
Reason (R): | Such biological response modifiers activate the immune system of the patient. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
Assertion (A): | Smoking causes oxygen deficiency in the body. |
Reason (R): | Smoking increases the concentration of haembound oxygen. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
Assertion (A): | Adolescence is a very vulnerable phase of mental and psychological development of an individual. |
Reason (R): | The period between 12-18 years of age is considered as adolescence period. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Column I | Column II | ||
A. | Addiction | P. | An adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e.g., drug intake) |
B. | Dependence | Q. | A biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of drugs (including alcohol) despite substantial harm and adverse consequences |
C. | Tolerance | R. | The diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated administration at a given dose |
A | B | C | |
1. | Q | R | P |
2. | Q | P | R |
3. | P | Q | R |
4. | P | R | Q |
Assertion (A): | Effects like euphoria and a temporary feeling of well-being are frequent causes of drug addiction. |
Reason (R): | Because of the perceived benefits, drugs are frequently used repeatedly. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
1. | cessation of drug use results in an unpleasant state of withdrawal. |
2. | there is no possibility of getting rid of the habit. |
3. | the presence of drugs in the body leads to positive health benefits. |
4. | the tolerance level of receptors in the body for the drug decreases. |
Assertion (A): | Those who take drugs intravenously are much more likely to acquire infections like AIDs and Hepatitis B. |
Reason (R): | AIDS and Hepatitis B can be transmitted through infected blood. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
Assertion (A): | Early detection of cancer is essential for a favourable prognosis. |
Reason (R): | Early detection allows the disease to be treated successfully in many cases. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
I: | Almost all carcinogens are mutagens. |
II: | X-rays and Gamma rays are non-ionising. |
III: | UV rays are ionising radiations. |