Identify the incorrect statement regarding Typhoid fever in humans:
1. | Man is the only known reservoir of infection. |
2. | The pathogen is primarily transmitted through fecal oral route |
3. | Widal test measures agglutinating antibody levels against bacterial antigens. |
4. | No vaccine is available yet to prevent typhoid fever. |
CD8+ T cells, also known as "killer cells", are cytotoxic which means that:
1. | they determine if and how other parts of the immune system respond to a specific, perceived threat. |
2. | they are able to directly kill virus-infected cells as well as cancer cells. |
3. | they differentiate plasma cells that release chemicals to kill cancer cells. |
4. | provide the critical mechanism of tolerance. |
Consider the given two statements:
I: | Inflammation and infection are not synonyms. |
II: | Inflammations, in many cases, may not be driven by microbial invasion. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Some common diseases that are generally considered autoimmune include all the following except:
1. Celiac disease
2. Psoriasis
3. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4. Type II diabetes mellitus
Consider the given two statements:
I: | The uniqueness of NK [Natural Killer] cells allows them to produce a much faster immune reaction. |
II: | They have the ability to recognize and kill stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and MHC. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Consider the two statements:
I: | The arm of the acquired immunity due to B lymphocytes is called as the humoral response. |
II: | B cells, upon differentiation into plasma cells, secrete antibodies that are present in the blood. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. Only II is correct.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
What type of immunity is provided by the convalescent plasma therapy in Covid-19 patients that is in contemporary news?
1. | Naturally acquired active adaptive immunity |
2. | Artificially acquired active adaptive immunity |
3. | Naturally acquired passive adaptive immunity |
4. | Artificially acquired passive adaptive immunity |
Identify the incorrect statement:
1. | Nicotine adversely affects the vascular system as it causes the release of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. |
2. | The antidote of methyl alcohol poisoning is ethyl alcohol. |
3. | Alcohol suppresses ADH secretion and decreases urine output. |
4. | Presence of ‘withdrawal symptoms’ shows drug dependence. |
Consider the given two statements:
I: | Viral infections of human cells are inhibited only by human interferon. |
II: | In contrast to antibodies, interferons are not virus-specific but host-specific. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
Which of the following is not an expected sign in a person suffering from pneumonia?
1. | High-grade fever with chills |
2. | Sharp or stabbing chest pain during deep breaths |
3. | Decreased rate of breathing |
4. | Productive cough |