1. | Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by afferent arteriole. |
2. | Blood from the glomerulus is carried away by an efferent arteriole. |
3. | Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrons. |
4. | The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct. |
I: | is released when an excessive loss of fluid from the body activates osmoreceptors in the body. |
II: | prevents dieresis by facilitating water reabsorption from the initial and proximal parts of the tubules. |
I: | Small amounts of urea is transported back to medullary interstitium by ascending portion of vasa recta |
II: | NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by the descending portion of vasa recta |
1. | glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the efferent arteriole |
2. | vasa recta is highly reduced in juxtamedullary nephrons |
3. | DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct |
4. | columns of Bertini are extensions of medulla into the cortex |
I: | Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the efferent arteriole |
II: | Afferent arteriole forms the peritubular capillary network |
III: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in juxtamedullary nephrons |
1. | Only III is correct |
2. | I is correct but II and III are incorrect |
3. | I, II and III are incorrect |
4. | I and II are correct |
I: | is lined by cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
II: | reabsorbs 70-80 percent of electrolytes and water |
1. | Proximal convoluted tubule |
2. | Loop of Henle |
3. | Distal convoluted tubule |
4. | Collecting duct |
I: | is a vasoconstrictor |
II: | stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone |
1. | Only I is correct |
2. | Only II is correct |
3. | Both I and II are correct |
4. | Both I and II are incorrect |
I: | Allows passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium |
II: | Large amounts of water could be reabsorbed from this part to produce a concentrated urine. |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
1. | It causes vasodilation and reduces blood pressure |
2. | It acts on the atrial wall of our heart and reduces cardiac output |
3. | It stimulates angiotensin leading to vasoconstriction |
4. | It acts on the distal tubule and lead to diuresis. |
Assertion (A): | The filtrate gets concentrated as it moves down the descending limb of loop of Henle in the human nephron. |
Reason (R): | The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water but allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |