Urination will be caused by simultaneous:
1. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and relaxation of urethral sphincter |
2. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and contraction of urethral sphincter |
3. | contraction of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
4. | relaxation of smooth muscle of bladder and urethral sphincter |
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Aldosterone can be secreted by adrenal cortex when it is stimulated most directly by:
1. ADH | 2. Renin |
3. Angiotensin | 4. ANF |
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During concentration of urine, NaCl is returned to medullary interstitium by:
1. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle
2. Descending limb of Loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of Vasa Recta
4. Descending limb of Vasa Recta
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During the counter current mechanism, small amount of urea from interstitium enters:
1. the collecting duct
2. the thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. the ascending limb of vasa recta
4. the descending limb of vasa recta
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What is the number of times that the human kidneys can maximally concentrate the initial filtrate?
1. | 2 | 2. | 4 |
3. | 6 | 4. | 8 |
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What acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism?
1. | ANF | 2. | ADH |
3. | Aldosterone | 4. | Erythropoietin |
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Consider the two statements:
I: | The process of filtration at Malpighian body is regarded as ultrafiltration. |
II: | Blood is filtered so finely that all constituents of plasma pass into the lumen of Bowman’s capsule. |
1. | Both I and II are correct and II explains I |
2. | Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I |
3. | I is correct but II is incorrect |
4. | I is incorrect but II is correct |
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Extension of renal cortex between the medullary pyramids is called as:
1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus | 2. Macula densa |
3. Columns of Bertini | 4. Ducts of Bellini |
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Presence of ketonuria and glycosuria is indicative of:
1. Renal failure | 2. Diabetes mellitus |
3. Nephrotic syndrome | 4. Renal stones |
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JG cells can be activated to release renin by all the following except:
1. A fall in glomerular blood flow
2. A fall in glomerular blood pressure
3. An increase in venous return to the heart
4. A fall in GFR
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