It is necessary that lungs must be present in anatomically air-tight chamber because:
1. we cannot directly alter the pulmonary volume
2. our lungs are not made of any elastic tissue
3. the pleural cavity always has a positive pressure with respect to pulmonary pressure
4. the partial pressure of oxygen in atmosphere is less than that in the alveoli
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During expiration, the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles are:
1. contracted
2. relaxed
3. flexed
4. both relaxed (diaphragm) and flexed (intercostal muscles)
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When the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract, intrapulmonary pressure should
1. | increase | 2. | decrease |
3. | remain constant | 4. | equal atmospheric pressure |
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The volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis can be increased by:
1. Contraction of diaphragm
2. Relaxation of diaphragm
3. Contraction of external intercostals
4. Contraction of internal intercostals
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