Identify the respiratory disorder shown in the figure above:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumoconiosis [occupational lung disease]
4. Tuberculosis
Identify the respiratory disorder shown in the given figure:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Emphysema
3. Pneumoconiosis [occupational lung disease]
4. Tuberculosis
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Study the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve given in the figure and select the correct statements regarding it:
I: | The p50 is the pressure at which haemoglobin is 50% saturated which corresponds to about 27 mmHg on the X-axis. |
II: | A right shift of the curve means haemoglobin holds less tightly onto oxygen and delivers more oxygen to the tissues at a given arterial oxygen pressure. |
1. Only I is true
2. Only II is true
3. Both I and II are true
4. Both I and II are false
Study the given figure showing the neural regulation of respiration in humans and select the correct statements from the given statements.
Statement I: | The location of the pneumotaxic centre is the Pons of the brain stem and it moderates the function of respiratory rhythm centre. |
Statement II: | The respiratory rhythm centre is the dorsal respiratory group shown in the figure and is also located in the Pons of the brain stem. |
1. Only Statement I is true
2. Only Statement II is true
3. Both Statement I and Statement II are true
4. Both Statement I and Statement II are false
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I: | The partial pressures of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide at Point A in Figure I correspond to that of Point P in Figure II. |
II: | The partial pressure of Carbon dioxide at Point B in Figure I corresponds to that of Point Q in Figure II. |
1. Only I is true | 2. Only II is true |
3. I and II are true | 4. I and II are false |
The figure shows pulmonary volumes as measured on a spirometer. Which of the following will be true?
I: | A+B = Inspiratory Reserve Volume |
II: | C+D = Functional Residual Capacity |
III: | B+C = Tidal Volume |
IV: | [(A+B+C+D) – (A+B+C)] = Residual Volume |
The figure shows the events happening during the inhalation and exhalation phases of pulmonary ventilation. Read the two given statements carefully.
I: | A shows the inhalation phase brought about by the contraction of diaphragm that increases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of external intercostal muscle that increases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis. |
II: | B shows the exhalation phase brought about by the relaxation of diaphragm that decreases the volume of thorax in antero-posterior axis and by the contraction of internal intercostal muscle that decreases the volume of thorax in dorso-ventral axis. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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I: | P is an incomplete cartilaginous ring seen only in trachea and principal bronchus. |
II: | Q is the point where the trachea divides into a right and left primary bronchus and corresponds to the level of 5th thoracic vertebra. |
III: | R shows the double-layered pleura where the outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining. |
IV: | S is pleural cavity with minimal amount of pleural fluid which reduces friction on the lung surface. |
1. Only I, II and III | 2. Only I, III and IV |
3. Only II, III and IV | 4. I, II, III and IV |
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I: | Relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles causes the expulsion of air from the lungs. |
II: | Relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles increases the volume of thoracic chamber in the antero-posterior axis. |
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