Consider the following two statements regarding the epiglottis:
I. It is made of hyaline cartilage
II. It does not have any taste buds
1. I is true but II is false
2. I is false but II is true
3. Both I and II are true
4. Both I and II are false
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Consider the following statements regarding the constituents of the human tooth:
I. Enamel is the hardest part of the tooth and is secreted by the ameloblasts
II. Dentin does not contain collagen and is secreted by odontoblasts
III. Cementum is a bone-like substance secreted by cementoblasts
IV. Pulp is called as the “nerve” of the tooth
The incorrect statement/s is/are:
1. II alone
2. IV alone
3. II and IV only
4. I and III only
The only exopeptidase amongst the following is:
1. Carboxypeptidase
2. Chymotrypsin
3. Trypsin
4. Elastase
Assertion: Constipation can be caused or exacerbated by a low-fiber diet, low liquid intake, or dieting.
Reason: Dietary fiber helps to decrease colonic transport time, increases stool bulk but simultaneously softens stool.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: One serious side effect of a vagotomy[cutting of vagus nerve] is a vitamin B12 deficiency later in life that is similar to pernicious anemia.
Reason: The vagus normally stimulates the stomach's parietal cells to secrete acid and intrinsic factor.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: The defining sign of kwashiorkor in a malnourished child is pitting edema (swelling of the ankles and feet).
Reason: Kwashiorkor is inadequate energy intake in all forms, including protein.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach.
Reason: It acts on enterochromaffin like cells that release histamine which stimulates the parietal cells.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Secretin is released into circulation in response to low duodenal pH.
Reason: Secretin primarily functions to neutralize the pH in the duodenum, allowing digestive enzymes from the pancreas to function optimally.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: Defecation is frequently accompanied by urination.
Reason: During defecation, the external sphincter muscles relax.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.
Assertion: In the fetus, the liver does not perform the normal digestive processes.
Reason: In infants nutrients are received directly from the mother via the placenta.
1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.