Which of the following best explains why PCl₃ and PCl₅ both exist, whereas NCl₃ exists but NCl₅ does not exist?
| 1. | Lower electronegativity of P and N |
| 2. | Lower tendency of N to form a covalent bond |
| 3. | Availability of vacant d-orbital in P but not in N |
| 4. | The statement is incorrect |
| 1. | High pressure (200 atm) condition |
| 2. | High temperature of 700 K |
| 3. | Use of a catalyst such as iron oxide mixed with small amounts of K2O and Al2O3 |
| 4. | All of the above |

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Given below are two statements:
| Assertion (A): | NO2 dimerize to form N2O4 |
| Reason (R): | NO2 contains an odd number of valence electrons. On dimerization, a stable N2O4 molecule is formed with an even number of electrons. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |

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| Assertion (A): | R3P=O exists but R3N=O does not where R= alkyl group). |
| Reason (R): | Nitrogen doesn't have d orbitals. |
| 1. | (A) is true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | (A) is true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false |

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Which of the following elements can be involved in pπ-dπ bonding?
1. Carbon
2. Nitrogen
3. Phosphorus
4. Boron

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| 1. | It provides a pathway with a lower activation energy. |
| 2. | It increases the equilibrium constant of the reaction. |
| 3. | It raises the kinetic energies of the reactants. |
| 4. | It interacts with the NH3. |
Which of the following accounts for the higher boiling point of NH₃ compared to PH₃?
| 1. | NH3 is ionic compound and PH3 is covalent compound |
| 2. | The size of phosphorus is greater than nitrogen |
| 3. | Strong vander wall forces in NH3 than PH3 |
| 4. | Hydrogen bonding occur in NH3 but not in PH3 |

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Given below are two statements:
| Assertion (A): | H3PO2 is a strong reducing agent. |
| Reason (R): | All oxyacids of phosphorus that have P-H bonds act as strong reducing agents. H3PO2 has two P-H bonds hence, it acts as a strong reducing agent. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |

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Which of the following represents the oxidation states of phosphorus in H4P2O5, H4P2O6, H4P2O7, respectively?
| 1. | +3, +5, +4 | 2. | +5, +3, +4 |
| 3. | +5, +4, +3 | 4. | +3, +4, +5 |

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