Q. No.Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron?
1. Henle's loop - most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate
2. Distal convoluted tubule - reabsorption of ions into the surrounding blood capillaries
3. Afferent arteriole - carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards the renal vein
4. Podocytes- create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman's capsule
| I: | is released when an excessive loss of fluid from the body activates osmoreceptors in the body. |
| II: | prevents dieresis by facilitating water reabsorption from the initial and proximal parts of the tubules. |
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
1. Ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of loop of Henle
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Which one of the following statements in regard to excretion by the human kidneys is correct?
1. Descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
2. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO-3
3. Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
4. Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes
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A fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) activates
1. Adrenal medulla to release adrenaline
2. Posterior pituitary to release vasopressin
3. Juxta glomerular cells to release renin
4. Adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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Which one of the following option gives the correct categorization of six animals according to the type of nitrogenous wastes (A, B, C), they give out ?
|
A |
B |
C |
|
|
Ammonotelic |
Ureotelic |
Uricotelic |
|
|
1. |
Aquatic Amphibia |
Frogs, Humans |
Pigeon, Lizards, Cockroach |
|
2. |
Aquatic Amphibia |
Cockroach, Humans |
Frog, Pigeon, Lizards |
|
3. |
Pigeon, Humans |
Aquatic Amphibia, Lizards |
Cockroach, Frog |
|
4. |
Frog, Lizards |
Aquatic Amphibia, Humans |
Cockroach, Pigeon |
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When the kidneys are eliminating a concentrated urine, NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by:
1. Thick segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
2. Thin segment of ascending limb of loop of Henle
3. Ascending limb of the vasa recta
4. Descending limb of the vasa recta
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Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
| 1. | glucose | 2. | sodium |
| 3. | uric acid | 4. | phosphate |
Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of Diabetes Mellitus:
1. Uremia and Renal Calculi
2. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
3. Renal Calculi and Hyperglycaemia
4. Uremia and Ketonuria
| 1. | glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by the efferent arteriole |
| 2. | vasa recta is highly reduced in juxtamedullary nephrons |
| 3. | DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct |
| 4. | columns of Bertini are extensions of medulla into the cortex |
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